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EFFECT OF
TEENAGE PREGNANCY ON EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT OF YOUTH IN EGOR LOCAL GOVERNMENT
AREA
ABSTRACT
This issue
of teenage pregnancy in our contemporary society has been considered an
epidemic and endemic in nature, which constitutes social problem that should
requires social action for amelioration.
Moreso, this
study focuses on effect of teenage pregnancy on educational attainment of
youth, Because, the rate of youngsters (students) especially female dropping
out of schools has been on the increase. And having considered the political,
socio-economic and socio-cultural effects. It should be a matter of concern to
individual parents, teachers, churches, mosque, non-governmental organization
(NGOs) and groups.
TABLE OF
CONTENTS
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study
1.2 Statement of Problem
1.3 Purpose of Study
1.4 Significance of the Study
1.5 Research Question
1.6 Delimitation
1.7 Limitation of Study
1.8 Definition of Terms
CHAPTER TWO
2.1 Literature Review
2.2 Low Level of Teenagers Education
2.3 The Government Influence
2.4 Influence of Schools
Administration
2.5 Poor Parental Socio-Economic Background
2.6 Mass Media Influence
2.7 Peer Group Influence
2.8 Sexual Activity
2.9 Pregnancy
2.10 The Use of Contraception
2.11 Family Planning Services
2.12 Abortion
2.13 Sexually Transmitted Diseases
2.14 Summary of Literature Review
CHAPTER
THREE
3.1 Methodology
3.2 Design of the Study
3.3 Sample and Sampling Technique
3.4 Instrument
3.5 Validity of Instruments
3.6 Reliability of the Instruments
3.7 Method of Data Collection
3.8 Method of Analyzing the Data
CHAPTER FOUR
4.2 Data Analysis
4.3 Discussion of Findings
CHAPTER
FIVE: SUMMARY, FINDINGS,
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1 Summary
5.2 Findings
5.3 Conclusion
5.4 Recommendation
References
Appendix
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.9 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Teenage
pregnancy among youths in Nigeria has assumed an alarming proportion in recent
years. A careful observation of the unfolding scenario of history would reveal
the complexity of the problem which is even more glaring by the fact that is
occurrences seems of double edge sword to the victims family, community and the
nation in general. Meakers and Armed (1999).
A teenager
is one who have attained between the ages of 13 – 19 years which is also
regarded as “adolescence” period that is characterized with puberty
experiences.
According to
psychologist, regard this period to be more dedicate in the life of every
individual as it precede and determines adulthood personality and adjustments.
Horrocks (1975) with this, adequate guidance and counseling is needed whereas
if lacking many lead to maladjustment. A Haurlock (1982) it is a period of
adjacent storm, stress and crises when one grope, for adjustment in order to
meet the demanding physical, mental, social, emotional, political, and economic
standard. Therefore the need for adequate paternal and maternal care for teens
cannot be overemphasized.
In many
parts of the world, the problem of teenage prostitution and pregnancy has been
a frightening reality. The results are tragic and often times involve them in
crime and drug abuse. Many of them feel frustrated and worthless, seeing little
or no prospect of escaping their wretched lives. Influential personalities
recognize the devastating effects of teenage prostitution and pregnancy Brazils
ex-president, Fernando Henrisque Cardoso aptly stated, child prostitution is a
barbarous crime. Also a Brazilian newspaper published this sobering comment
about child prostitution countries where such a practice is common, tolerated,
accepted and even bought after because of the money it beings experience every
day the devastation that it causes awake, child prostitution a tragic reality
(Feb. 8, 2003).
Despite the
noble intentions most well individuals and groups to curb the phenomenon still
stands in a growing rate. What leads to this horrific situation? Why do so many
tolerate and even promote such a suicidal and genocidal behaviour. There has
been jingles in day to day radios and television stations and such more
plethora reports in newspapers about the ugly trend of teenage pregnancy among
youths. Effort put in place has seem on difference, as a great number of
students untimely withdrawing out of school in a massive manner. Not only
limited to the females but along with their males counterparts who in
collaboration involves in the act. L. l. Lauries, (1985).
Lloyd and
Menseh (1999) believed that the nature of the school, a girl or boy attends is
presumed to be important because the negation process around sex. The
description of this process is that girls “give in” to boys in exchange for
gifts money transit.
Inevitable
the consequences is said to be unmeasurable as it send many to grave others who
end up with the complications of pregnancy and childbirth including
infertility, pelvic infections and chronic pain, obstetrician Olubukola Fawole
(2001).
Former,
minister of health Dr. Ransome Kuti said that adolescent girls are victims of
50% of all maternal deaths in Nigeria. Early pregnancy in these young females
result in very high mortality due to obstructed labor and other obstetric
complications. Also, among girls below age 19, 72% of all deaths result from
abortion complications. In addition to teenage pregnancy, other factors
responsible for high maternal mortality in Nigeria include low education
levels, poverty, lack of access to good health are and harmful traditional
practices such as genital mutilation and especially early marriage.
In Nigeria
increased unprotected sexual activities among males and females adolescents
leading to unwanted pregnancy and illegal abortion is posing serious health
problems.
Approximately
610,000 abortions are performed in Nigeria annually, 60% of which are thought
to be unsafe the maternal mortality ration in Nigeria is 1,500 deaths per
100,000 live births, of these 12% are estimated to be due to unsafe abortion.
In some
series, unsafe abortion accounted for up to 40% of maternal mortality, the
average unsafe abortion morality ration in Africa is 110, deaths per 100,000
live following unsafe abortion in Nigeria is said to be worrisome.
World Health
Organization (WHO) 1993, education of teens could play a vital role, according
to Universal Basic Education (UBE) policy on education (1981) specify equal
right of every one to education. But this is reverse in practice as many female
teens has been forced to withdraw out of school, due to pregnancy, which is the
leading proximate cause of female early dropout of school. And many other
reasons are absence of social and economic opportunities for girls and woman
and the demand placed on them, coupled with the gender. Inequalities known to
exist within the educational school experience, poor academic performance and
resignation to preference and resignation for early motherhood.
Therefore
although pregnancy is often though to disrupt the education of adolescent
girls, teenage reproductive behaviour may be endogenous to school completion in
that many of the same factors tend to drop out and early child bearing. Lloyd
and Mensch (1999). However, the need to untangle the issue of teenage pregnancy
has down on us undisputable major concern that is germane to our task of
explaining and ascertaining the causative factors, and solution to ameliorating
the menacing ugly trend among youths in Edo State.
Secondary
school students in Edo States are mostly between the ages of 12 – 18years,
which makes them teenagers or adolescents secondary school female students in
Edo State are vulnerable for reasons such as home background, economic
situation, peer group (mixed secondary schools). Thus exposes them to early
pregnancy.
1.10 STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
This study
is geared towards investigating into the effect of teenage pregnancy on educational
attainment of youth in Egor Local Government Area of Edo State.
It is no
doubt a social malady playing our entire society. Hence, the need to explore
the underlying factors and solutions for the degrading phenomenon is
undisputable, several ways of its correction and eradication has been widely
acknowledged in literature.
1.11 PURPOSE OF STUDY
The purpose
of the study was to find out the problems of teenage pregnancy among youths of
Edo State. It will consider the predisposing factors responsible for teenage
pregnancy. Also to seek measures of addressing the menace to the barest minimum
in our society, precisely in Edo State in particular.
School age girls who become pregnant come
from all socio economic classes of all race and all parts of the country.
(Rural and Urban). Many teenagers are facing the dilemma of unwanted pregnancy
and unwanted parenthood.
Parents, the
society and the nation, and the world in general are affected by them directly
or indirectly, and their choices will have significant consequences for the
future of their communities, their countries and the rest of the world.
1.12 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
The essence
of this study is that it finding would be of tremendous assistance to
educators, teachers, parents, guidance, government, Youths in Edo State and
beyond. Should the resultant recommendations are considered and appreciated;
the good image of the state will be protected through educational standard and
manpower improvement. Parents would stand the changes of enjoying the fruit of
their womb and labour, as there will be no longer untimely withdrawal from
school, less health hazards among youths (female teens), less economic waste
and personality degradation.
The school
management would be proud of their academic standard since reliable and
enviable products would be emerging out of the school in a dramatic manner. Also
the government would be relieved of the pressure of meaningless and extravagant
spending on family planning services, chemotherapeutics drugs and equipment,
adoption laws and regulations, sex education and the like.
1.13 RESEARCH QUESTION
In the course
of this study to unravel the effect of teenage pregnancy on educational
attainment of youth in Egor Local Government Area of Edo State., the following
questions are intended to be investigated.
1. Does teenage pregnancy affect the
academic performance of female youths?
2. Is the school administration
responsible for teenage pregnancy?
3. Does poor parental social-economic
background also contribute to the high rate of teenage pregnancy among youths?
4. Does influence of peer group has to
do with teenage pregnancy in our schools?
5. Do the mass media influence
responsible for teenage pregnancy among youths in Edo State?
6. Could the educational level of
female teens responsible for teenage pregnancy among teenagers?
1.14 DELIMITATION
This study
is designed to embrace all SSS I – III female youths of Egor Local Government
Area, Edo State.
The students
age range fall between the bracket of 13 – 19years with high variance.
1.15 DEFINITION OF TERMS
Mortality
Ratio;Is the number of deaths recorded in a population of people over a given
period of time.
Puberty: It
is the onset of menarche for girls and the first experience of nocturnal
emissions for boys.
Suicidal
Behaviour: It is the behavioiur vulnerably inimical to one’s survival.
Genocidal
Behaviour: It is the behaviour that could vulnerable estimate a race of people
(nation).
Peer Group:
People of the age with similar background and interest.
Contraceptive; It is the practice or methods employ
deliberately to prevent pregnancy.
Ectopic
Pregnancy: A fertilized ova developing outside the womb (uterus) as conception.
Abortion: It
is the premature expulsion of (embryo, placenta etc) from the uterus of
conception before 28th weeks of gestation.
Pornography:
Presentation of image or pictures exposing sexual parts of human body.
Adolescence;
A time of discovery of self, of feeling and of the complexities of society
usually occurring between the ages of 13 – 18 years. This period of
psychological maturation.
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