INCIDENCE OF JUVENILE DELINQUENCY AMONG FEMALE SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS (A CASE STUDY OF BENIN CITY)
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INCIDENCE OF JUVENILE DELINQUENCY
AMONG FEMALE SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS (A CASE STUDY OF BENIN CITY)
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1BACKGROUND
OF STUDY
The choice
of this topic came just at the right time when female involvement in criminal
acts and juvenile delinquency has reached an alarming rates. It is completely
impossible to talk of a society free from juvenile delinquency. Juvenile
delinquency has long been recognized and wide spread problem in the country.
Children of under 18 years involving themselves in criminal activities together
with the adult counterpart, but because these children have not attained
maturity, which is 18 years in Nigeria, they cannot be regarded as criminal.
But rather they are referred to as juvenile delinquents (Cohen, 1995).
As has been
observed earlier, juvenile delinquency is a term demoting various offenses
committed by children or youths under the age of 18. Children’s offenses
typically include delinquent acts that would be considered crimes if committed
by adults and status offenses, which are less serious misbehaviour such as
truancy and parental disobedience. Both are within the jurisdiction of the
juvenile count, more serious offenses committed by minors may be tried in
criminal court and be subject to prison sentences (Igbinovia, Okonofua,
Omoyibo, Osunde and Obaro, 2005). The recent increase in female involvement in
deviant acts have reached unprecedented height that fear grips the populace of
this country as to worth pointing out that in Nigeria where violet crimes by
female are fast the delinquent is no longer desprised or seen as a deviant but
is highly respected and advertised. They are the glamour girls. Juvenile
delinquency cases are those referred to juvenile courts for acts defined in the
status of the state as violation of status law.
Since
ancient times enlightened legal system have distinguished between juvenile
delinquents and adult criminals. The immature generally were not considered
morally responsible for their behavior under the code Napoleon in France for
example; limited responsibility was ascribed to children under the age of 16.
Despite the apparent humanity of some early status, however, the punishment of
juvenile offenders until the 19th century was often serve. In Nigeria like in
the US, many child criminals were treated as adult criminals. In many
instances, child offenders were processed through the adult courts, sentences
for all offenders could be harsh and the death penalty was occasionally
imposed. The first institution expressly for juvenile, the House of Refuge, was
founded in New York city in 1824 so that institutionalized delinquents could be
kept apart from adult criminals. By the mid-19th century other state
institution for juvenile delinquents were established, and their population
soon included not only young criminals but also less serious offenders and
dependent children (Obaro, 2008).
The concept
of study is as a result of the astonished effect of the problem of delinquency
caused by juveniles coupled with its associated problems. I decided to carry
out a detailed survey of delinquent female student in selected female secondary
school in Oredo Local Government Area since our society has for long been
plagued into social problems such as poverty, exploitation man by man, child
base and neglect, problem of the aged, drug abuse, prostitution, truancy, rape
incest, burglary, stealing and juvenile delinquency.
Juvenile
delinquency has long been in existence with it wide spread problem in the
country. These children engage themselves in arininal activities together with
adult but because they have not reach maturity age which is 18 years,
therefore, they are referred to as juvenile. These children are sometimes
beyond parental control, they wonder about and become delinquency (Obaro,
2008). A juvenile is typically defined as some one between the age of 7 and 17
and three types of juvenile come under the courts youthful offenders are those
who engage in behavior for which adults can be tried in a criminal court. All predatory
crimes are included here. The second type is the status offender, these who
violate the juvenile court code rather than the criminal code. Behavior such as
truancy running away from home and breaking the curfew is included here.
Finally, the court deals with minors in need of care those who are neglected or
abused and in need of the court’s care. These juveniles do not fall into the
juvenile court. The range of behavior defined as delinquent tends to be broad
perhaps as many as percent of all young people have engage in behavior that
would fall under the jurisdiction of juvenile court (Obaro, 2008).
Although
juvenile comes in different ways, at different times and in different sector.
So, for the purpose of this work, I will only consider and limit my study to
female student in selected secondary school in Oredo Local Government Area of
Edo State, Nigeria as a developing country needs to look inward in issues like
these so as to enable appropriate policies to be taken to reduce and control
juvenile delinquencies because if not checked properly, these children will not
be useful to themselves and the society at large.
1.2STATEMENT
OF PROBLEM
Juvenile
delinquency has reached an alarming rate. Juvenile delinquency has long been
recognized and wide spiral problem, in the country. Hence this study is to
determine the various factors that causes juvenile delinquency in the society
and the negative effect it has on the child and the society at large. A
situation were children of under 18 years involving themselves in criminal
activities together with the adult counterpart, but because these children have
not attained maturity which is 18 in Nigeria, they do not refer them as
criminals.
1.3PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES
OF THE STUDY
The
objectives of this study is to determine the prevalent delinquent behaviours
among female secondary school students – in relation to social economic factors
and religion factors and to determine the factors influencing them.
The specific
objectives of the study are:
To determine
whether socio-economic status of the parents influence juvenile delinquency of
female students.
To determine
whether religious affiliation influences delinquent behaviours.
To determine
whether living environment influence delinquency of female student.
To determine
whether family background influence the behavior of female juvenile
delinquents.
To prevent
juvenile delinquency/prefer solutions to the problem of juvenile delinquency
among females.
1.4SCOPE OF
STUDY
This study
covers female juvenile students in secondary schools in Benin City the female
students within the age bracket of 12 to 17 years of age.
1.5SIGNIFICANCE
OF STUDY
The study
will be of benefit to children’s parents, policy makers and government
It will also
be of benefit to children and caregivers as they will be exposed to factors
necessitating delinquency among female students or children and taking measures
to avoid it.
Government
and policy makers will also benefit as the contribution from this study will
help introduce new measures of presenting and eradicating delinquency among
female student
Couples will
benefit from this study in that it will give them the knowledge on how to
socialize their children and make them have regards for social norms.
1.6HYPOTHESES
Socio
economic status of parents will not influence juvenile delinquency of female
students
Religious
affiliation will not influence juvenile delinquency of female students
Family
background will not influence juvenile delinquency of female student
Living
environment will not influence juvenile delinquency of female students.
1.7OPERATIONAL
DEFINITION OF TERMS
Deviant
Behaviour – Is socially defined and varies by time, place and social group.
Behavior that is defined as deviant violate strongly held social norms.
However, what is seen as a deviant behavior in one society, may be regarded as
a behavior that is acceptable in another society.
Juvenile – A
juvenile is a young person that falls under the age of 18, whose attitude/behavior
is seen as a delinquent act. But, if such behavior is exhibited by an adult is
seen as a crime.
Juvenile
Delinquency – These are the behavior of young people showing the tendency to
commit crime. In other word, juvenile delinquency are behavior exhibited by
children under the age of 18 that does not conform to societal norms, and if
committed by an adult is crime and attract several punishment as stated by the
law.
Female –
This is a woman/girl that can give births to another child.
Student –
This is any person who is studying at a school for the purpose of acquiring
knowledge for the betterment of higher future and that of the society.
Female
Student – A woman/girl that is studying at a school for the purpose of gaining
knowledge to herself and to better the society.
Delinquency
– Bad/criminal behavior that is usually associated with young people.
Delinquency is a behavior of a person under the age of 18 that does not conform
to society accepted norms of the society.
Socio
Economic Status – Socio economic status shows that various strata/level that an
individual is located in the society. In other word, it is the class position
of a person which can either be upper class, middle class and lower class.
Religion
Affiliation – These is the belief that is perculiar to a religion that is the
doctrine that guides the affairs of members in a particular type of religion.
Living
Environment – This is the area in which an individual, group live which can
either be urban, rural or city. That is, a place where people live and get
their basic needs.
Family
Background – These is the units in which an individual is born into which can
either be nuclear family, polygamous etc. activities of family background can
be traced by generation.
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