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THE NATURE AND CONSEQUENCES OF
JUVENILE DELIQUENCY IN NIGERIA
ABSTRACT
Juvenile
delinquency is seen as one of the menace that destroys life and property in our
society today. Because of the nature of crime committed by juvenile parents,
guidance, sponsors and well wishers are worried and disturbed about our future
leaders. Crime associated with juvenile include: rape, stealing, kleptomanism,
burglary, disobedience, homicide, truancy, vandalization and robbery etc.
therefore, this study seeks to look at the nature and consequences of juvenile
delinquency. The objective of this study aims at finding out why juvenile
engage in delinquent act, why juvenile offenders continue in crime after being
punished or sanctioned, what Nigeria government needs to do inorder to improve
or educate juvenile about crime and the negative impact of crime on individual
and society at large. However, the expected outcome of this study is that to
reduce or eradicate juvenile delinquency in our society government and
voluntary organization should be involved in the following ways: Government
should provide employment opportunities for youths, greater thought should be
given to setting up more amenities in the rural areas, stoppage of pornographic
films and some American films, where our youths learns techniques in stealing
and destroying properties, parents should adopt method of positive and negative
reinforcement and government should educate or enlightening parent on the
effects of unmet needs like starvation (food), parental care and affection etc.
on their children to enable them (parents) make adjustment. Method of data
collection used in this study was only questionnaire.
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1
Background to the Study
Juvenile
delinquency is that behaviour on the part of children which may, under the law,
subject those children to juvenile court. Tappan (1972:12) assert that “the
nature of juvenile delinquency sprang up from different abnormal behaviour such
as stealing, drunkenness, burglary, robbery, rape, homicide, idleness, truancy,
prostitution, disobedience, running away from home, kleptomanism and sexual
promiscuity. Furthermore, it is nothing but a fact to say that juvenile
offenders who after serving a good or complete numbers of his or her punishment
in prison and still continue in deviance is because they are associated with
adult prisoners. In this regard Mr. Sanusi, project Director of Lawyers
continued Education Project (LAWCEP) maintained that “in our society, where the
process of trial is delayed unduly, the young offender spends more time with
hardened criminals than elsewhere.
Different
forms of delinquency have been with man as far back as we can think but modern
trends have made them take a very sharp rise. Glucks (1959) found out that
juvenile delinquency is not a new occurrence during adolescent years but rather
a continuation of anti-social behaviours from childhood due to environmental
subjections or family problems affecting his mental development. That is to say
that there exit a close link between delinquency and the home environment of
the juvenile. The earliest known code of laws (the Code of Hammurabi) took
specific note of the duties of children to parents and prescribed punishments
for violations. As legal systems were elaborated, the age of offenders
continued to be important in defining responsibility for criminal behaviour.
The Nigerian
constitution of 1979 defines juvenile delinquency as “a crime committed by a
young person under the age of 18 years as a result of trying to comply with the
wishes of his peers or to escape from parental pressure or certain emotional
stimulation’. Before a youth in Nigeria is classified a delinquent, he must
have been arraigned before a juvenile court and proved to be guilty of some
offences. Examples of such offences are habitual truancy, drug addiction,
prostitution, stealing, cultism, armed robbery etc. The consequences that
juvenile delinquency has caused to Nigerian society are not only devastating
but numerous. They destroy both lives and property and they also retard the
growth of this country.
Juvenile
delinquency has also contributed to the bad image of our country (Nigeria). For
the fact that most of the delinquent want to get rich quick, corruption and
ritual killings has become the order of the day in coming to our political
sphere, they have turn politics into a do or die affair where thuggery and
fighting is the norm. This has made politics in our country (Nigeria) a
dangerous venture.
1.2 Statement
of the Problem
If an
investigation or a study is carried out about juvenile delinquency in Nigeria,
the result will definitely show that cases like rampant stealing, armed
robbery, prostitution, manslaughter, drug addiction, vandalization, truancy,
murder, rape, cultism, burglary and kleptomanism and many other crimes and
delinquent behaviour are common among the youth.
Because of
the alarming rate of juvenile delinquency in our country today, governments,
parents, guidance, sponsors, teachers, moralists and well meaning Nigerians
have all picked interest on its adverse effects in our society. Also the
increasing waves of juvenile delinquency in our country place lives, properties
and future of our youth at stake. For example, in 1989, records of crime as
reported by the Lagos state police command revealed that youths between the
ages of thirteen (13) and twenty one (21) were responsible for adult. 13,782
out of 26,259 crimes committed this year i.e. 1989 were juvenile. Such crime
ranges from shop looting, drug abuse, fighting, raping and stealing etc.
The similar
report also indicated that in the same year (1989) out of 43,000 prisoners
serving in various Nigerian prisons, over 23,000 of them were aged between the
ages of thirteen (13) and twenty five (25) years. Therefore, this study seeks
to look at the nature, consequences and extent of juvenile delinquency in
Nigeria among our youth.
1.3 Research
Questions
The
following research questions were used to guide this study:
1. Why do
juvenile engage in delinquent acts?
2. Why do
juvenile offenders continue in crime after being punished or sanctioned?
3. How can
Nigerian government improve or educate youth or juvenile about crime?
4. What are
the negative impacts of delinquent or crime on individual and society at large?
1.4
Objective of the Study
The
objective of this study is as follows:
1. To find
out the extent why juvenile engage in delinquent acts.
2. To
ascertain the extent juvenile offenders continue in crime after being punished
or sanctioned.
3. To find
out what Nigerian government need to do in order to improve or educate juvenile
about crime.
4. To
determine the negative impact of crime on individual and society at large.
1.5
Significance of the Study
The study
looks at the nature and consequences of juvenile delinquency in Nigeria. In all
ramifications, the study does not claim the fact that all Nigerian juvenile are
criminals or culprits or law violators so to say.
The study is
very beneficial to learning and development processes and helps our youth to be
aware of those things that may lead them to delinquent acts and avoid them. The
study will also help parents, guidance, sponsors etc to know those things they
need to do inorder to prevent their children from so called delinquent acts.
The study
goes a long way to unleash those things our government needs to do inorder to
educate our juvenile and prevent them from future delinquent acts. In
conclusion, this study is significant because it seeks to determine to what
extent juvenile commit crime, why they continued in delinquent act and as well
as the result of their delinquent acts to themselves and society at large.
1.6
Definition of Terms
Nature: This
is defined as the usual way a person or an animal behaves that is part of their
character.
Consequence:
This simply means a result of something that has happened.
Juvenile:
This refers to a person who has attained the age of 14 but is under 17 years.
That is a young person who is not yet an adult (Oxford English Dictionary).
Delinquent:
It is a person who deviates from or violated the stipulated law that guides
code of conduct of a particular country or society.
Juvenile
Delinquency: Andy (1960:30) defined it as any social deviation by a youth from
the societal norms which results in his contact with law enforcement agents. It
is an act committed by a young person which violated the stipulated law of that
country or society.
Burglary: It
is defined as a crime of entering a building illegally and stealing things from
it.
Robbery: It
is defined as a crime of stealing money or goods from a bank, shop/store,
person etc especially using violence or threat.
Rape: This
is simply a crime of forcing somebody to have sex with him/her especially using
threat or violence.
Homicide:
This simply means a crime of killing somebody deliberately.
Stealing:
This means an act of taking something from a person’s shop/store, etc. without
permission and without intending to return it or pay for it.
Truancy:
This simply means a practice of staying away from school without permission. It
is a crime to juvenile.
Disobedience:
This is defined as a failure or refusing to do what a person, law, order etc.
tells.
Kleptomanism:
It is simply a mental illness in which somebody has a strong desire, which they
cannot control in stealing things. It is common among juvenile.
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