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EXAMINATION
VERIFICATION SYSTEM USING BIOMETRIC (FINGERPRINT)
ABSTRACT
My research Project is to develop fingerprint biometric
systems that assist in the elimination of examination impersonation. Up till
now, the WAEC examination board (WAEC) is not using fingerprint as mode of
identification, this has resulted in people sitting for WAEC examinations for
others who collect the result at the end. With the adoption of fingerprint,
this will be eliminated as fingerprint; this will be eliminated as fingerprint
identification will also be employed during collection of results and
certificates. This target can be mainly decomposed into image preprocessing,
feature extraction and feature match. For each sub-task, some classical and
up-to-date methods in literatures are analyzed. Based on the analysis, an
integrated solution for fingerprint recognition is developed for demonstration.
My demonstration program is coded using visual studio for the program, some optimization
at coding level and algorithm level are proposed to improve the performance of
my fingerprint recognition system. These performance enhancements are shown by
experiments conducted upon a variety of fingerprint images. Also, the
experiments illustrate the key issues of fingerprint recognition that are
consistent with what the available literatures say. Main objective is to
eliminate any form impersonation during exam by employing a more secured means
of fingerprint biometrics.
CHAPTER ONE 1.0 INTRODUCTION
Formal examination can rightly be defined as the assessment
of a person‘s
Performance, when confronted with a series of questions,
problems, or tasks set him, in order to ascertain the amount of knowledge that
he has acquired, the extent to which he is able to utilize it, or the quality
and effectiveness of the skills he has developed.
The Jesuits introduced written examination into their schools
in the 16th century. The Definitive Ratio Argue Institution Studiorum of 1599,
which was not revised until 1932, contains a code of rules for the conduct of
school examinations, which were held annually, and determined whether or not
children were promoted to a higher class. During the 19th century, formal
written examinations became regular in universities, schools, and other
educational institutions. Examinations were also increasingly employed for the
selection of recruits to the civil service, and the professions, and to posts
in industry and commence. Over the ages, standardized testing has been the most
common methodology, yet the validity and credibility of the expanded range of
contemporary assessment techniques have been called into question.
There are two types of systems that help automatically
establish the identity of a person:
1) Authentication (verification) systems and
2) Identification systems. In a verification system, a person
desired to be identified submits an identity claim to the system, usually via a
magnetic stripe card, login name, smart card, etc., and the system either
rejects or accepts the submitted claim of identity (Am I who I claim I am?). In
an identification system, the system establishes a subject‘s identity (or fails
if the subject is not enrolled in the system data base) without the subject‘s
having to claim an identity (Who am I?).
The topic of this paper is channel towards the development of
examination impersonation elimination system and this system would strictly do
with the unique feature of identification by means of finger print. A
verification system based on fingerprints, and the terms verification,
authentication, and identification are used in a loose sense and synonymously.
Accurate automatic personal identification is becoming more
and more important to the operation of our increasingly electronically
interconnected information society. Traditional automatic personal
identification technologies to verify the identity of a person, which use
―Something that you know,‖ such as a personal identification number (PIN), or
―something that you have,‖ such as an identification (ID) card, key, etc., are
no longer considered reliable enough to satisfy the security requirements of
electronic transactions or school management system. All of these techniques
suffer from a common problem of inability to differentiate between an
authorized person and an impostor who fraudulently acquires the access
privilege of the authorized person.
Biometrics is a technology that (uniquely) identifies a
person based on his physiological or behavioral characteristics. It relies on
―something that you are‖ to make personal identification and therefore can
inherently differentiate between an authorized person and a fraudulent
imposter. Although biometrics cannot be used to establish an absolute ―yes/no‖
personal identification like some of the traditional technologies, it can be
used to achieve a ―positive identification‖ with a very high level of
confidence, such as an error rate of 0.001%. Fingerprint technology using
biometrics employ certain advantage of eradicating the problem of examination
impersonation by allowing the measure of what you are to perform the security
activities of student participation in the exams.
1.1 BACKGROUND OF STUDY
An examination board is an organization that sets
examinations and is responsible for marking them and distributing results.
Examination boards have the power to award qualifications, such as SAT scores,
to students. Most exam boards are running as non-profit organizations.
The West African Examinations Council (WAEC) is a
not-for-profit examination board formed out of the concern for education in
Africa. Established in 1952, the council has contributed to education in
Anglophonic countries of West Africa (Ghana, Liberia, Nigeria, Sierra Leone,
and the Gambia), with the number of examinations they have coordinated, and
certificates they have issued. They also formed an endowment fund, to
contribute to the education in West Africa, through lectures, and aid to those
who cannot afford education.
Dr. Adeyegbe, HNO of WAEC Nigeria (2004) said “the council
has developed a team of well-trained and highly motivated staff, and has
administered Examinations that are valid and relevant to the educational
aspirations of member countries”. In a year, over three million candidates
registered for the exams coordinated by WAEC. The council also helps other
examination bodies (both local and international) in coordinating Examinations.
The University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate,
University of London School Examinations Matriculation Council and West African
Departments of Education met in 1948, concerning education in West Africa. The
meeting was called to discuss the future policy of education in West Africa. At
the meeting, they appointed Dr. George Barker Jeffery (Director of the
University Of London Institute Of Education) to visit some West African
countries, so as to see the general education level and requirements in West
Africa. At the end of Jeffery’s three month visit (December 1949- March 1950)
to Ghana, the Gambia, Sierra Leone, and Nigeria, he tendered a report (since
known as Jeffery report) strongly supporting the need for a West African
Examination Council, and making detailed recommendations on the composition and
duties of the Council. Following this report, the groups met with the
governments of these countries, and they agreed on establishing a West African
Examination council, fully adopting Jeffery’s recommendations.
The legislative assemblies of Nigeria, Ghana, Sierra Leone,
and the Gambia passed an ordinance (West African Examinations Council Ordinance
NO. 40) approving the West African Examination Council in Dec 1951. The
Ordinance agreed to the coordination of exams, and issuing of certificates to
students in individual countries by the West African Examination Council.
Liberia later issued their ordinance in 1974, at the annual meeting held in
Lagos, Nigeria. After the success of forming an examination council, the
council called a first meeting in Accra, Ghana on March 1953. In the meeting,
the registrar briefed everybody about the progress of the council. In that same
meeting, five committees were formed to assist the council.
These committees are: Administrative and Finance Committee,
School Examinations Committee, Public Service Examinations Committee, The
Professional, Technical and Commercial Examinations Committee, and the Local
Committee. The total number of people present for this meeting was 26.
1.2 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
The objective of this study is as follows:
To create a system that is capable of tracking impersonators
in the examination system using the methodology of fingerprint biometrics.
To reduce rate of corruption in the educational sector and
increase the rate of self confidence on students.
To demonstrate the possibility of computer technology in the
satisfaction of human needs and also enforce strict security measures that
ensure unregistered students do not write exams for other registered students.
1.3 JUSTIFICATION
The justification for the system is as follows To add more
security measures to the examination processes using finger print biometrics.
To eliminate the possibility of an imposter appearing in an exam.
1.4 STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
The problems which are encountered in the previous system are
Student impersonation In secured authentication of students Manual verification
of student
1.5 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
This system would be implemented using the vb.net and
Microsoft access database and also all necessary method of data collection
within my reach to ensure the system meet up to acceptable standard has been
put into consideration. Also tables‘ graphs for easily analysis and
demonstration of development trend of achievement would also be shown. Also
this work would be carried out under close supervision for adequate guidance
and interpretation of the work as it unfolds.
1.6 SIGNIFICANCES OF STUDY
With the increasing rate of exam malpractices in the
educational sectors the school management deserve to inculcate a tight security
means to ensure that these activities of exam impersonators stop. The
activities of these exam impersonators have seen the educational sector suffer
some serious form corruption ranging from registered student, to examination
supervisor. So it best for the educational body to strategies some certain
security means to stop this aspect of corruption in the educational sector.
The system uses a finger prints biometrics this would help
ensure that only registered student during registration with their finger
prints are allowed into the examination hall. The system would contribute in
the area of stopping any activity of corruption in the educational sector among
students, and student to teachers. Hard work would be encouraged as every
registered student knows he/she is going to write the exam by him or herself.
The impersonation which has eating the educational system there by encouraging
laziness among students would be eliminated and standard of student educational
performance would be increased.
1.7 DEFINITION OF TERMS/VARIABLES USED
WAEC: A body responsible for conducting and issuing
certificate to secondary school graduating student among West Africa.
DATABASE: A collection of related information which can be
stored and retrieved.
EXAMINATION: A measure for the test of knowledge.
MALPRACTICES: This refers to negligence or misconduct
IMPERSONATION: General process of acting on behalf of a
client.
IMPERSONATOR: A performed skilled at copying the manner or
expression of another mime.
FINGERPRINT: An impression on a surface of the curves formed
by the ridges on a finger tip.
BIOMETRICS: Is the use of measurable, biological
characteristics such as fingerprints, or iris patterns to identify a person to
an electronic system.
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